Method of treating twisted filamentary materials



mama ET AL 2,421,334

NTARY MATERIALS METHOD OF TREIA'IING TWISTED FILAME 5 Sheets-$heet FiledApril 26, 1944 High Fmzguency Power High Fre quency Po wer INVENTORSflay-den B. Kline Alden H. Burkholdew- ATTORNEY May 27 1947p a, KLENE ETAL 2,421,334

METHOD OF TREATING TWISTED FILAMENTARY MATERIALS Filed April 26, 1944 5Sheets-5319611 2 H5 mm 1045 7 M746 Hi5: 2% Frequency Pcwer- 68 /03B /03C68 66 76 75 e7 77 9 77 lNVENTORS Hay-dam B. Kline Alden I'LHurlrkolder gWK. 44 0 ATTORNEY May 27, 1947. H. B. KLINE ET AL 2,421,334

METHOD OF TREATING TWISTED FILAMENTARY MATERIALS Filed April 26, 1944 3Sheets-Sheet 3 Frequenc Po wer 155 /z/ o 1 we. /52 5 [W m 1 I55 I I? 1 Io o o /40 INVENTORS Hayden B. Kline Alden H- Burlrholder ATTORNEYPatented Ma 27, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF TREATINGTWISTED- FILAMENTARY MATERIALS Hayden B. Kline and Alden H. Burkholder,Cleveland, Ohio, assignors to Industrial Rayon Corporation, Cleveland,Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application April 26, 1944, Serial No.532,740

19 Claims.

. September 16, 1946. The application of the process of this inventionto certain specific types of filamentary materials is covered indivisional applications Serial Nos. 595,094 and 595,095, both filed onMay 22, 1945.

The term twisted filamentaiy materials, as used throughout thisspecification, is intended to embrace twisted threads or thread-likematerials, whether made by twisting one or more monofilaments or bytwisting threads or yarns made up of a plurality of individual filamentsor staple fibers, or by twisting narrow bands or ribbons, etc. The termtwisting is intended to include such twisting operations as, forexample, plying, cabling and the like.

In order to make the strength of filamentary materials, such as textilethreads or yarns more uniform, it is common practice to twist thetextile yarn in substantially air dry form desired number of turns perunit length. The resulting twisted yarn not only has more uniformstrength characteristics than the untwisted product, but also has agreater degree of resilience depending upon the amount of twisting towhich it has been subjected.

For some purposes, textile yarns are given very substantial amounts oftwist; thus, for example, in producing yarn or thread to be used inmaking crepe fabrics, a relatively high degree of twist is used.Similarly, in making hosiery or other products where resiliency isdesired, a substantial amount of twist is imparted to the thread.Textile products which are used as reinforcing materials in theproduction, for example, of mechanical rubber goods such as tires,belts, and the like are also usually subjected to a plurality oftwisting operations in forming the cord or other textile product used asthe reinforcing material. 1

The resulting twisted textile products have a tendency to untwistthemselves to release the strains imparted by the twisting operation.This tendency is sometimes referred to as liveliness of the yarn orthread. This liveliness may be observed by bringing together the ends ofa short length of the twisted yarn. The loop of material between the twoends will twist upon itself to a 2 greater or less extent depending uponthe degree of liveliness of the material. The liveliness of the twistedyarn also manifests itself by a tendency of the yarn to form loops orkinks. Such loops or kinks are particularly obj ectlonable when thetwisted yarn is being unwound from the supply package on which it wascollected in the course of the twisting operation. The liveliness of theyarn may also interfere with the smooth running of the yarn throughvarious guides and other parts of the textile machinery used in formingfinished cloth or cord. products from the twisted yarn.

In order to reduce the liveliness of the twisted yarn or, as it issometimes referred to, to set the twist, it has been common practice totreat the twisted yarn with steam. The twisted yarn wound in packageform is placed in a steam box and subjected to the action of steam untilthe twist has been sufficiently set. Another method which has been usedinvolves subjecting the package of. lively twisted yarn to a vacuum andthen introducing steam. Still another method which has been proposed isthe use of a circulating current of humidified heated air which passesaround packages of the twisted yarn. All of these methods are generallyconducted by a batch procedure and may require one or several hours toaccomplish the desired twist-setting. In addition, the yarn packagestreated by these methods generally contain no more than about one poundof yarn. Even with such small packages, however, non-uniform reductionof liveliness of the twisted products occurs due to nonuniformpenetration of the wound packages by the steam or other aseous treatingmedium or by liquid condensate formed during the treatment.

In accordance with the process of this invention, the liveliness ofsubstantially air-dry twisted nonmetallic filamentary materials isreduced by heating wound packages of such materials dielectrically in ahigh frequency electrical field. By this process, it is possible toreduce the liveliness of such materials in a matter of minutes ascompared with the much longer periods of time required by the methodsdescribed above. No steaming or humidifying apparatus is required inpracticing the new process. The process may be performed as a batchoperation, but it is particularly adaptable to being performed incontinuous fashion.

The new process is of particular advantage in treating twistednonmetallic filamentary materials in the form of a wound package. Thewound package may be much larger than those generally used in thetwist-setting methods employed heretofore, and may, for example, containas much as ten to twenty or more pounds of yarn. The twist of the yarnwill be set in a remarkably uniform manner even when such relativelylarge yarn packages are used. The possibility of treating large packagesof lively twisted yarn by the process of this invention results inconsiderable economies in handling the twisted material. Thus, forexample, instead of handling ten spools or bobbins containing about onepound of yarn each, it is only necessary to handle one spool containingabout ten pounds of yarn.

The wound yarn packages which are to be heated dielectrically inaccordance with this invention may be in the form of a self-sustainingpackage, or in the form of a package wound upon a suitable supportingcore such as, for example, a cone or spool. When using a core-woundpackage, the core should bemade of a suitable nonmetallic material suchas, for example, paper or wood. Sometimes, it is also desirable to wrapthe package of lively twisted yarn in a sheet of relatively low porositynonmetallic material, e. g, paper, and subject it to dielectric highfrequency heating in this form.

The new apparatus by which the process of this invention may beadvantageously performed includes, in general, a pair of spacedelectrodes connected to a source of high frequency power and meansforpassing the nonmetalllc material into the electrical field betweenthe electrodes. More specifically, the apparatus also embraces anendless conveycr adapted to pass the material to be treated between theelectrodes. The apparatus also may include means for holding packages oftwisted materials and conveying them between the electrodes in order tosubject them to the action of the high frequency electrical field.

The invention will be more fully described by reference to theaccompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows an apparatus for treatinga single package of twisted yarn;

Figure 2 shows an apparatus for passing packages of twisted yarncontinuously through a high frequency field between two horizontalelectrodes;

Figure 3 is a section through Figure 2 along the line 3-3 looking in thdirection of the arrows;

Figure 4 illustrates th manner in which a plurality of small packages oftwisted yarn may be subjected to a high frequency field by using theapparatus of Figures 2 and 3;

Figure 5 shows an apparatus by which packages of twisted yarn may besubjected intermittently to the action of a high frequency field, thepackages being rotated in progressing from one pair of electrodes toanother;

Figure 6 is a plan view of the apparatus of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a section along lines 1-! of Figure 5 looking in thedirection of the arrow;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary view of the endless chain and associated partsused to advance the yarn packages through the apparatus illustrated byFigures 5 to '7, inclusive;

Figure 9 shows an apparatus in which rotating yam packages arecontinuously passed through a high frequency field formed between twovertical electrodes;

Figure 10 is a plan view of the apparatus of Figure 9; and

Figure 11 is a section along the line I l-l i of Figure 9 looking in thedirection of the arrows.

Referring more particularly to Figure 1, a cone of lively twisted yarnI! which has been wound upon a nonmetalllc core II is placed between thehorizontally disposed electrodes II and I! which are, in turn, connectedto the source of high frequency power illustrated diagrammatically at".The lower electrode I! is mounted upon insulators 2| secured to the basemember 22 by suitable means. The upper electrode I8 is secured to aninsulator 24 which, in turn, is suitably mounted on the arm 28 of theframe member 21. The cone of yarn i5 is removed from the high frequencyfield between the electrodes l8 and is when the liveliness of thetwisted yarn has been sumciently reduced.

The apparatus illustrated by Figures 2 and 3 includes a table-likesupporting structure 30 having a top 3i. Belt-supporting cylinders 33are Joumaled in the brackets 35 which are suitably mounted on the topII. An endless nonmetaliic belt 31 is positioned around thebelt-supporting cylinders 33 and may be continuously rotated aroundthese cylinders by means of the gear and chain drive 39 connected withthe motor 40. Adjacent to each of the belt-supporting cylinders 33, theendless belt passes over supporting plates or receiving and dischargeaprons 5 which are secured to the top 3| by means of brackets 41. Nearthe center of the apparatus, the endless belt 3'! is supported byhorizontally disposed electrode 48 which is mounted by means ofinsulators l9 and the U-shaped base member 50 on the top 3|. An upperhorizontally disposed electrode 52 is secured to arm 54 (Figure 3) bymeans of insulators 55, the arm 84 being secured at 58 to the basemember 50. The electrodes 48 and 52 are connected to a source of highfrequency power indicated diagrammatically at 51.

In using the apparatus of Figures 2 and 3, packages of twisted yarn 58are placed by the operator on the moving belt 31 and are then conductedthrough the high frequency field between the electrodes 48 and 52. Thetreated yarn package, after emerging from between the electrodes, isthereafter removed by the operator. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, aplurality of yarn packages may be simultaneously passed through the highfrequency field. If desired, the yarn package may be wrapped in arelatively low porosity nonmetallic material before being subjected tothe high frequency field. Such a wrapped yarn package is illustrated,for example, by package A of Figure 3.

If a plurality of relatively small packages of twisted yarn is to betreated, it is advantageous to place these yarn packages in a containemade of a nonmetallic material as illustrated, for example, in Figure 4.The entire container 59 with the yarn packages 60 enclosed therein isthen placed on an apparatus such as is illustrated by Figures 2 and 3,and subjected to the action of the high frequency field.

It is sometimes desirable to subject the yarn packages intermittently tothe action of a high frequency field. When this is the case, anapparatus such as that illustrated by Figures 5 to 8, inclusive, may beused with advantage. The apparatus there shown includes a framestructure having vertical members 62, and horizontal members 63. Pairsof sprockets l6 and 61 are journaled in the bearings 88 which aremounted on the vertical members 82 at each end of the frame structure.The sprockets II and 81 are provided 5 and 61. The chain itself iscomposed of a plu rality of base plates 15 which are joined together bylinks 1.6.

The chain rollers 12 are supported by means of U-shaped channel members90 which are mounted on the base 64. the base in turn being secured tothe horizontal members 03 by means of suitable insulators 9 I.

Each chain base plate I5 is provided with a journaled spindle 11 whichis adapted to 'receive a package of twisted yarn. The spindle shaft 19(see Figure '7) passes through the bearing member 80 and is secured tothe segment gear 82 underneath the base plate. When the endless chain I3is moved by the sprockets 63 and 81, the spindles 11 mounted on the baseplates I5, are caused to rotate by the engagement of toothed portions ofthe segment gears 82 with the racks 85. To insure proper engagement ofthe racks and the gears, projecting lugs 86 are made to engage pins 88mounted just ahead of each rack. This arrangement will cause the lugs86, upon striking the pins 88, to commence rotation of the segment gears82.

The endless chain I3 is actuated by means of the pawl 92 and ratchet 93which is in driving engagement with the sprocket 61. The pawl isactuated by means of bell crank 94 and the connecting rod 95 which ismounted on the crank arm 36. The latter is driven from a suitable sourceof power (not shown) which rotates the chain and sprocket drive 91.

The electrodes between which the high frequency fields are generated areeach made up of three curved portions I03A, I03B, and I03C and I04A,I04B, and I04C, all of Which are joined together by means of the busbars 99 and I00. The bus bars are suitably mounted on insulators iI andare connected through conductors I09 to a suitable source of highfrequency power illustrated diagrammatically by H0. A circuit breakerIIl which is actuated by means of the cam H3 and cam follower I i4interrupts the flow of high frequency current at desired intervals.

In using the apparatus illustrated by Figures 5 to 8, inclusive, theoperator places a package of lively twisted yarn I I5 on the spindle TI.The movement of the pawl 92 and ratchet 93 causes the endless chain I3and the yarn package II5 mounted on. the spindle supported by the chainto advance in an an intermittent fashion. The amount of the advance ateach step is sufficient to cause the package to pass from between electrodes MBA and IEi iA. to between electrodes I033 and I048, and,finally, to between electrodes I03C and I046. When the yarn. package ispositioned between a pair of electrodes, it is subjected to the actionof the high frequency field which is maintained between them. When theyarn passes from position A to position B, the cam H3 and follower I I4serve to open the circuit breaker III and thereby cut off the highfrequency field, Additionally, in passing from position A to position B,the yarn package is caused to rotate because of the engagement of thesegment gear 82 with the rack 85. In the apparatus shown, the yarnpackage is caused to rotate approximately 120 in passing from position Ato B and another 120 in passing from B to C. This rotation isaccomplished as the yarn package moves from one position to the next sothat the yarn is stationary when it is subjected to the action of thehigh frequency field. The cam II3 is so designed that when the yarnpackage has completed its movement from position A to B, or from B to C,the

circuit breaker will be closed so that the high frequency field willthen again be maintained between the electrodes. After a sufficientlapse of time, the circuit breaker will again be opened by the cam andcam follower and the yarn package will then be advanced to the nextposition and, at the same time, rotated approximately 120. Of course, itwill be understood that segment gear 82 and rack can be constructed togive any desired degree of rotation between steps.

Figures 9 to 11, inclusive, show an apparatus in which rotating yarnpackages are continuously passed through a. high frequency field betweentwo flat vertical electrodes. The apparatus includes a frame structurecomprising vertical members I20 and horizontal members I2 I. A pair ofsprockets I22 and I23 are mounted on shafts joumaled in bearings I25suitably mounted on the vertical members I20. The pair of sprockets I23are driven by a suitable power source such as the motor and geartransmission unit I21 which engages the chain drive I28. Each of thesprockets I22 and I23 are provided with projecting portions I30 havinga, notch therein which is adapted to engage the rollers I32 of anendless chain I33. The chain itself is composed of a series of baseplates I35 which are joined to one another by means of the links I38.Each base plate I35 is provided with a pedestal I31 through which passesa spindle I40. The upper portion of the chain between the sprockets I22and I23 is supported by means of the chain rollers I32 in the U-shapedchannel member I42 which is suitably secured to the horizontal membersI2I. The spindle I40 is suitably secured at its lower end to a spur gearI44 which engages a rack I45 running longitudinally of the apparatus.The electrodes I50 and I5I are mounted by means of insulators I52 on thevertical supports I53, the vertical supports being in turn secured tothe horizontal members I2 I.

To shield the upper portion of the endless chain base plate I35 from thehigh frequency field between the electrodes I50 and lil, it is desirablethat the upper portion of the base plate I35, and particularly thepedestal i3'I, be made of an insulating material. The electrodes I50 andI5I are connected by means of conductors I60 and I6I to the source ofhigh frequency power indicated diagrammatically at I62. Conductor ISIpasses under the apparatus and may be suitably shielded from theapparatus by enclosing it in an insulating housing IE3.

In using the apparatus illustrated by Figures 9 to 11, inclusive, theoperator places a bobbin of lively twisted yarn. or other nonmetallicfilamentary material, on the spindle I40 of the apparatus. As thespindle is advanced through the apparatus by means of the forward motionof the endless chain I33, the spur gear I44 which is secured to thespindle is caused to rotate by engagement with the rack I45. The packagemounted on the spindle will thus be caused to rotate continuously as itpasses through the high frequency field between the electrodes I50 andI5I.

The invention will be more fully described by reference to the followingexamples although it is to be understood that the invention is notlimited thereto. Example 1 Cones of substantially air dry viscose rayontire cord containing approximately 9 to 10% moisture are subjected todielectric heating in an apparatus such as that illustrated by Figures 2and 3.

7 The tire cord is made by plying together with twelve turns of s-twist,two strands of 1100 denier, 480 filament viscose rayon which have eachbeen given 14.5 turns of Z-twist. Prior to twisting, the tire cord wastreated with an aqueous finishing emulsion containing sorbitanmonopalmitate so that the cord contains approximately .4%, by weight, ofsorbitan monopalmitate. The cord is wound on a paper core to form apackage containing about 4.15 pounds of rayon tire cord. This package,which is about 5.75 inches high and about 6.3 inches wide at its base,is wrapped in paper and then placed together with other similar packageson the moving belt 31, three packages being placed across the belt. Thebelt is made of cotton canvas.

The electrodes between which the wrapped tire cord packages are passedare about 28 inches wide and about 56 inches long. They are spaced aparta distance of about 7 inches so that the cones of tire cord will passreadily between them. A current of approximately two amperes and havinga frequency of about 3.85 megacycle is passed between the electrodesthereby creating a high frequency electrical field between them. Theendless belt moves forward at a rate of approximately 6.5 inches perminute so that the cones of tire cord are subjected to the action of thehigh frequency electrical field for approximately eight minutes. Theywill be heated to a temperature of about 135 to 150 F. The tire cord,after being subjected to this treatment, has its livelinesssubstantially reduced so that the twist will be substantially completelyset.

Example 2 Rayon tire cord of the same type as that referred to inExample 1 is wound on a paper core to produce a cone containing about18.5 pounds of tire cord. This cone is then wrapped in paper and passedthrough an apparatus such as that referred to in Example 1. Toaccommodate the cone, which is about 11 inches high and about 10 incheswide at its base, the electrodes are spaced about 12 /2 inches apart.The cone packages are placed across the belt two abreast. The currentand its frequency are the same as in Example 1, but the belt speed isreduced to about 3.75 inches per minute so that the large cones of tirecord are subjected to the action of the high frequency electrical fieldfor approximately fifteen minutes. The tire cord, after being subjectedto this treatment, has its liveliness substantially reduced so that thetwist of the cord is substantially completely set.

Example 3 A four and one-half pound cone of rayon tire cord such as isdescribed in Example 1 is placed on one of the spindles ll of anapparatus such as is illustrated by Figures 5 to 8, inclusive. Each ofthe curved electrodes are approximately 8 /2 inches wide and about 7inches high and their curvature conforms generally to that of the rayoncone. The electrodes are approximately 6% inches apart at the top wherethey are nearest the sides of the cone. The electrodes are inclined sothat they are roughly parallel to the sides of the cone.

A current having a frequency of about 7 /2 megacycles per second with apower input of about one kilowatt is passed between the electrodesresulting in the creation of a high frequency field between them. Thecones of yarn are passed between these electrodes at a rate such 8thattheperiodoftimeforwhichthecordismbiectedtothe actionofthehilhlrqmcyfleld between each pair of electrodes is approximatelyone and one-half minutes, making a total of about four and one-halfminutes of treatment of the cord by the high frequency held. The twistof the cord will be substantially completely set.

Example 4 Approximately 4.15 pounds of rayon tire cord of the typereferred to in Example 1 are collected on a twist spool having a papercore impregnated with Bakelite and heads made of fiber-reinforcedBakelite. The spool fllled with the cord is approximately six inches indiameter.

Aspoolofthistire cordisplacedononeof the spindles I of an apparatus suchas is illustrated by Figures 9 to 11, inclusive. A current of about twoamperes having a frequency of about 3.85 megacycles is applied betweenthe electrodes which are advantageously about 56 inches long and,approximately 10 inches high. The electrodes are spaced apart a distanceof about 7% inches. The endless chain on which the spools are mountedtravels at the rate of about 14.7 inches per minute so that the tirecord on the spools is subjected to the action of the high frequencyfield for a little less than four minutes. The spool is advantageouslyrotated at least one complete revolution during its passage between theelectrodes.

The tire cord, after being subjected to the foregoing treatment, has itsliveliness substantially reduced so that the cord may be readily used inthe weaving of tire cord fabric. The twist, however, is not completelyset.

Example 5 Example 6 A 2200 denier single-ply substantially air dryviscose rayon tire cord which has been subjected to a twist oi 7 turnsper inch is wound on a cone and heated in a high frequency field to atemperature of about F. The liveliness of the cord will be substantiallyreduced.

Example 7 Spools of 75 denier 30 filament substantially air dry viscoserayon yarn which has been given 35 turns per inch of Z-twist are wrappedin oil paper and subjected to the action of a h gh frequency electricalfield. The rayon is heated to a temperature of about 190 F. As a resultof this treatment, the twist in the yarn is substantially completelyset.

Example 8 Spools of 3-thread 13/15 denier substantially air dry raw silkwhich has been given 35 turns per inch of Z-twist are wrapped in oilpaper and subjected to the action of a high frequency electrical field.The silk is heated to a temperature of about 195 F. As a result of thistreatment, the twist in the yarn is substantially completely set.

, Emmple 9 Spools of 1/44 s. substantially dry air wool which has beengiven 18 turns per inch of Z- twist are wrapped in oil paper andsubjected to the action of a high frequency electrical field. The woolis heated to a temperature of about 195 F. As a result of thistreatment, the twist in the yarn is substantially completely set.

Although the foregoing examples have illustrated the application of theinvention to various textile materials, it is to be understood that theprocess is not limited to these specific materials. In general, theprocess may be used to reduce the liveliness of any twisted nonmetallicfilamentary materials. These include such organic materials as those ofa cellulosic nature, or those of the nitrogen-containing type, orhydrocarbon polymers and their substitution products, or various others.

Among the cellulosic filamentary materials may be mentioned naturalcellulosic yarns or threads made of cotton, fiax, hemp, ramie, paper,and such artificial yarns or threads as those made of regeneratedcellulose produced by the viscose or cuprammonium processes, as well ascellulose ethers and esters including an ester such as cel luloseacetate.

The nitrogen-containing filamentary materials may include such naturalyarns or threads as those produced from silk or wool; or artificialyarns or threads made from polymerized polyamides such as nylon, orprotein-type yarns or fibers made, for example, from casein, soybean,peanuts, keratin, zein, alginic acid, etc.

Filamentary materials derived from hydrocarbon polymers and theirsubstitution products may include polymers such as those derived fromunsaturated hydrocarbons; for example, those formed by polymerizing analkylene hydrocarbon such as ethylene, or by polymerizing substituted orunsubstituted hydrocarbons containing vinyl, or vinylidene linkages suchas, for example, the vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate polymers andcopolymers, e. g., Vinyon," or vinylidene chloride polymers orcopolymers of vinylidene chloride with vinyl chloride, e. g., Saran, orpolystyrene derivatives, etc.

Inorganic nonmetallic filamentary materials such as those of a siliciousnature including, for example, glass, asbestos, rock wool, etc., mayalso be treated in accordance with the process of this invention.

The most desirable operating conditions to be used in reducing theliveliness of lively twisted nonmetallic filamentary materials bydielectric heating will, of course, vary considerably depending upon theparticular results which are desired. Thus, for example, to completelyset the twist of a lively material will require a longer period oftreatment, other things being equal, than merely partially reducing theliveliness of the twisted material. For some operations, it may not benecessary to completely set the twist of the filamentary material.

In general, the conditions of treatment will also vary depending uponthe nature of the material being treated. Sometimes, too, the nature ofthe finishing agent applied to the filamentary material prior to thetwisting operation may also be a factor.

An indication of the amount of power dissipated as heat in thenonmetallic material when placed in the high frequency field between theelectrodes is given by the following equation:

10 in which W is the energy dissipated in watts as heat in thenonmetallic material, E is the voltage across the electrodes, f is thefrequency with which the current supplied to the electrodes alternates,C is the capacitance of the condenser formed by the nonmetallic materialbeing heated, and. P. F. is the power factor of the material. It isevident that for a given material, the capacitance C (which is dependentupon the dielectric constant of the material) and the power factor P. F.will be substantially constant within a limited temperature range. It isalso-evident that the energy dissipated in the form of heat in thematerial may be controlled by varying either the frequency of thecurrent supplied to the electrodes or the voltage across the electrodes.The frequencies selected may be as low as one megacycle per second orlower, and may rang up to to ten or fifteen megacycles per second,although frequencies as high as thirty megaeycles or more per secondmayalso be used if desired. In general, the higher the frequencyselected, the lower will be the voltage required. Usually, it isdesirable to keep the voltage low to prevent corona discharge or otherobjectionable electrical efiects.

If the power dissipated in the material is calculated and the specificheat of the material is known, it will be possible to calculate how muchof a temperature rise will be produced by sub- Jecting the material to ahigh frequency field under specified conditions. It is evident, ofcourse, that the amount of heat generated should not be permitted tobecome so great as to adversely affect the filamentary material itself.Scorching of the material is manifestly undesirable. Similarly, withthermoplastic materials, the temperature should not be permitted tobecome so great that the physical properties of the filamentary materialare adversely affected. In general, however, the twist is set moreeffectively at higher temperatures than at lower ones.

Other things being equal, the amount of treatment required by a materialhaving a high degree of liveliness, usually a material having a highdegree of twist, will be greater than with a material having arelatively minor amount of liveli ness, usually a material with a lowdegree of twist.

The relatively low porosity nonconducting sheet material which may beused in wrapping the packages of filamentary material prior tosubjecting them to the action of a high frequency electrical field maybe merely the ordinary wrapping paper in which the material is wrappedfor shipment. It may include such nonmetallic materials as Cellophane,glassine, paper, including water-resistant paper such as wax paper,rubber hydrochloride products such as Pliofilm, Koroseal, etc.

As previously indicated, when wound supported packages of filamentarymaterial are subjected to the action of the high frequency electricalfield, the supporting core of the package should advantageously be madeof a nonmetallic material such as, for example, paper, wood, fiber, orvarious synthetic resins or plastics such as the phenol-aldehyde,glyptal, polystyrene, polyvinyl, etc., resins or plastics. There is,however, no o bjection to having some metal present in the supportingcore provided, of course, it is suitably shielded or insulated so as notto adversely affect the action of the high frequency field on thefilamentary material wound on the core.

We claim:

1. The method of reducing the liveliness of a llb$tantially air drylively twisted nonmetallic 11 filamentary material which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material to the action of a highfrequency electrical field.

2. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted artificial organic filamentary material which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material to the action of a highfrequency electrical field.

3. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted artificial cellulosic filamentary material whichcomprises subjecting a wound package of said material to the action of ahigh frequency electrical field.

4. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted cellulosic material selected from the class consisting ofcellulose esters and ethers which comprises subjecting a wound packageof said material to the action of a high frequency electrical field.

5. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted cellulose acetate filamentary material which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material to the action of a highfrequency electrical field.

6. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted regenerated cellulose filamentary material whichcomprises subjecting a wound package of said material to the action of ahigh frequency electrical field.

7. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted viscose rayon filamentary material which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material to the action of a highfrequency electrical field.

8. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted filamentary material selected from the class consistingof hydrocarbon polymers and their substitution products which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material to the action of a highfrequency electrical field.

9. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted filamentary material derived from vinyl polymers whichcomrises subjecting a wound package of said material to the a tion of ahigh frequency electrical field.

10. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted filamentary material derived from the class consisting ofvinyl and vinylidene polymers which comprises subjecting a wound packageof said material to the action of a high frequency electrical field.

11. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted artificial organic tire cord which comprises subjecting awound package of said cord to the action of a high frequency electricalfield.

12. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted rayon filamentary material which comprises subjecting awound package of said material to the action of a high frequencyelectrical field.

13. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted viscose rayon filamentary material which comprisesenclosing a wound package of said filamentary material in a relativelylow porosity ncnmetallic material and subjecting said material in thisform to the action of a high frequency electrical field.

14. The method of reducing the liveliness of a 12 substantially air dry.lively twisted rayon tire cord which comprises subjecting a woundpackage of said cord to the action of a high frequency electrical field.

15. The method of reducing the liveliness o! a substantially air drylively twisted artificial organic filamentary material which comprisessubjecting a wound package of said material formed on a nonmetallic coreto the action of a high frequency electrical field.

16. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted artificial organic filamentary textile material whichcomprises enclosing a plurality of wound packages of said material in arelatively low porosity nonmetallic sheet-like material and thereaftersubjecting the material in this form to the action of a high frequencyelectrical field.

17. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted artificial organic filamentary material which comprisesenclosing a wound package of said material in a relatively low porositynonmetallic sheet-like maten'al and thereafter subjecting thefilamentary material in this form to the action of a high frequencyelectrical field.

18. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted artificial organic filamentary textile material whichcomprises enclosing a wound package of said material which has beenformed on a nonmetallic core in a relatively low porosity nonmetallicsheet-like material and thereafter subjecting the material in this formto the action of a high frequency electrical field.

19. The method of reducing the liveliness of a substantially air drylively twisted rayon tire cord which comprises enclosing a wound packageof said cord in a relatively low porosity nonmetallic sheet-likematerial and then subjecting the cord in this form to the action of ahigh frequency electrical field.

HAYDEN B. KLINE. ALDEN. H. BURKHOLDER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,295,593 Miles Sept. 15, 19422,251,962 Sommaripa Aug. 12, 1941 2,231,457 Stephen Feb. 11, 19412,263,681 Hart Nov. 25, 1941 1,900,573 McArthur Mar. 7, 1933 2,288,269Crandell June 30, 1942 2,343,351 Wedler Mar. 7, 1944 2,020,907 RubinNov. 12, 1935 1,815,027 Murch July 14, 1931 1,330,534 Hertel Feb. 10,1920 2,248,840 Wilkofi' July 8, 1941 2,303,983 Brown Dec, 1, 19422,147,689 Chafiee Feb. 21, 1939 2,325,652 Blerwirth Aug. 3, 1943 OTHERREFERENCES Textile World, Aug. 1944, Mes 96, 97, 188. Thermex HighFrequency Heating, 1942, pages 9-11, (The Girdler Corp.)

